Genomics – A Tool for Genetic Improvement of Livestock

Livestock Genomics aims to publish basic, applied, and methodological research toward a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the expression of complex phenotypes in farm animals, as well as innovative strategies for the genetic improvement of livestock and aquaculture species.

Types of genomics

·         Structural genomics: Aims to determine the structure of every protein encoded by the genome.

·         Functional genomics: Aims to collect and use data from sequencing for describing gene and protein functions.

·         Comparative genomics: Aims to compare genomic features between different species.

 DNA is transmitted in chunks and genomic testing then identifies which DNA chunks have been passed from the parents to it's offspring. Genomics is the study of an animal's DNA (usually a tissue or hair sample) The genotype is studied to check parentage to confirm that the dam and sire recorded are correct.

 How does genomics work?

Genomics is the study of whole genomes of organisms, and incorporates elements from genetics. Genomics uses a combination of recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the structure and function of genomes.

 Genetic improvement occurs when the genetic merit is improved through selection. The improvement in genetic merit refers to the overall improvement in a flock or herd brought about by selection for a number of traits that contribute to the groups breeding objective, such as high growth rate or carcass yield.

Why is genetic improvement important? Genetics sets the potential for upper or lower production limits that animals can achieve. This can impact on the goals for your beef enterprise, including your market options.

 For additional information or on how you might start to incorporate this process in your management decision process, email me at cchilds@vt.edu or contact your local Extension agent.